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Chapter 18 · Verse 41
🪈 Krishna speaks
Illustration for Chapter 18, Verse 41

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परन्तप। कर्माणि प्रविभक्तानि स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः॥

brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṁ śūdrāṇāṁ ca parantapa | karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāvaprabhavairguṇaiḥ ||

Word by Word 8 words
ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशाम्
brāhmaṇa one devoted to sacred knowledge kṣatriya warrior, protector viś the merchant-farmer folk

of the brāhmaṇas, the kṣatriyas, and the vaiśyas

शूद्राणाम्
śūdra one who serves

of the śūdras, those who serve

ca and

and

परन्तप
param others, enemies tap to burn, to scorch

O scorcher of foes — a name for Arjuna

कर्माणि
kṛ to do, to act

duties, kinds of work, actions

प्रविभक्तानि
pra forth vi apart bhaj to divide, to share out

are divided up, are allotted

स्वभावप्रभवैः
sva own bhāva nature, being pra forth bhū to be, to arise

by what arises from one's own inborn nature

गुणैः
guṇa quality, strand

by the qualities, by the gunas

explains why people do different kinds of work in the world. "O scorcher of foes, the duties of the brāhmaṇas (the seekers of knowledge), the kṣatriyas (the protectors), the vaiśyas (the farmers and traders), and the śūdras (those who serve) are divided up according to the qualities born of each person's own nature." He is saying that the work that suits us best grows out of our inborn nature, the particular mix of the three gunas inside us. Different people are built for different kinds of service, and each kind matters.

कथा

The Four Sons of Sage Gautama

From the mythological

In a forest hermitage long ago lived the sage Gautama, who had four sons, and from their earliest days each boy was clearly made of a different thread.

The eldest, Devadatta, loved nothing so much as quiet and questions. He would sit for hours by the fire, asking his father what the stars were and why truth mattered, memorising the old chants until they flowed from him like river-water. His nature was calm and seeking.

The second, Virasena, could not sit still. He climbed the tallest trees, faced down a leopard that strayed near the cattle, and stood between the younger children and every danger. His nature was bold and protecting.

The third, Vasu, had a head for things and trades. He knew which fields gave the best grain, kept the hermitage's cows fat and healthy, and could barter cleverly with travelling merchants without ever cheating them. His nature was practical and providing.

The fourth, Sukha, was the gentlest of all. He found his joy in helping — fetching water, tending the sick, doing willingly the steady tasks that kept the whole hermitage running. His nature was warm and serving.

One evening a visiting teacher watched the four boys and said to Gautama, "It is strange — four sons of one father, raised in one place, and yet each is so different."

Gautama smiled and stirred the fire. "Not strange at all," he said. "Each child was born with his own mix of the three qualities of nature, and so each leans toward his own kind of work. One seeks knowledge, one guards, one provides, one serves. I do not push them into the same mould. I help each become fully what his own nature already wants to be."

The teacher nodded slowly. "So the work is divided not by birth-name alone," he said, "but by what arises within."

"Just so," said Gautama. "The seeker, the guardian, the provider, the server: the world needs all four, and each finds his peace by doing the work his own nature gives him." And he looked at his four sons with equal love, for he knew no thread was finer than another.

चिन्तनम्

What kind of work feels most natural to you — figuring things out, protecting people, making or trading things, or helping and caring for others? Why do you think the world needs all four kinds?