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Chapter 18 · Verse 32
🪈 Krishna speaks
Illustration for Chapter 18, Verse 32

अधर्मं धर्ममिति या मन्यते तमसावृता। सर्वार्थान्विपरीतांश्च बुद्धिः सा पार्थ तामसी॥

adharmaṁ dharmamiti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā | sarvārthānviparītāṁśca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī ||

Word by Word 14 words
अधर्मम्
a not dhṛ to hold, to uphold

adharma — what is wrong

धर्मम्
dhṛ to hold, to uphold

dharma — what is right

इति
iti thus, that

thus, as if

या
which

which (mind)

मन्यते
man to think, to suppose

thinks, supposes

तमसा
tamas darkness, dullness

by darkness

आवृता
ā around vṛ to cover, to wrap

wrapped up, covered over

सर्वार्थान्
sarva all artha things, matters, meanings

all things, every matter

विपरीतान्
vi apart, away pari around i to go

turned the wrong way round, upside down, backwards

ca and

and

बुद्धिः
budh to wake, to understand

the buddhi, the deciding mind

सा
that, she

that one

पार्थ
pṛthā Pṛthā, Arjuna's mother Kuntī

O son of Pṛthā — a name for Arjuna

तामसी
tamas darkness, dullness

tāmasic — dark, dull, and confused

describes the darkest kind of deciding mind. "The that is wrapped up in darkness, that thinks wrong is right and right is wrong, and that sees every single thing upside down — that mind, O , is tāmasic." This is worse than the muddled mind. It does not just bend the truth; it flips it completely. It calls poison medicine and medicine poison, and walks confidently in exactly the wrong direction.

कथा

The Cave That Turned the World Around

From the mythological

There was once a demon named Vatapi who lived with his brother in a deep, sunless cave. The cave was famous for a strange and frightening thing: travellers who wandered too far inside came out changed. They would walk backwards thinking they walked forward. They would call the cold fire and the fire cold. The deepest dark, they swore, was the brightest light.

A young traveller named Sumati heard of the cave and laughed. "A mind is a mind," he said. "Nothing can flip what I plainly see." And he went in to prove it.

For a while he kept his bearings. But the cave was patient. The darkness crept into him slowly, like cold water filling a boat through a tiny crack. Soon he passed a clear, sweet spring and thought, "Poisoned — I must not drink." He passed a snake coiled to strike and thought, "A rope, harmless," and reached out his hand.

Worst of all, he no longer knew anything was wrong. He felt sure. He felt clever. Every backward step felt like progress.

Outside the cave sat an old sage named Agastya, who had come to help any soul wise enough to call out. He heard Sumati stumbling somewhere within, cheerfully announcing all the wrong things as right.

"Sumati!" the sage called. "Stop walking. Just stand still and listen to my voice."

The traveller froze. Some small true part of him, not yet swallowed by the dark, heard the call.

"When your own mind tells you that down is up and harm is help," Agastya called gently, "do not trust your certainty. The most lost person is the one who is sure he is found. Follow my voice out, one slow step at a time, and do the opposite of whatever your turned-around mind insists."

Step by careful step, doubting himself now, Sumati came out into the daylight. He blinked, and the world stood upright again: the spring sweet, the snake dangerous, the sun warm and high.

"I was so sure," he whispered, trembling.

"That is the dark mind's deepest trap," said Agastya. "Not that it cannot see, but that it feels most certain exactly when it is most wrong. The way out is to listen — to a teacher, to the wise, to that small honest voice that never quite goes out."

चिन्तनम्

Why is it sometimes hardest to notice when we are completely wrong about something? Who is someone whose voice you could listen to when your own thoughts get turned around?