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Chapter 18 · Verse 34
🪈 Krishna speaks
Illustration for Chapter 18, Verse 34

यया तु धर्मकामार्थान्धृत्या धारयतेऽर्जुन। प्रसङ्गेन फलाकाङ्क्षी धृतिः सा पार्थ राजसी॥

yayā tu dharmakāmārthāndhṛtyā dhārayate'rjuna | prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ||

Word by Word 12 words
यया
which

by which

तु
tu but, however

but, on the other hand

धर्मकामार्थान्
dhṛ to uphold) → dharma (right living kam to desire) → kāma (pleasure artha wealth, gain

duty, pleasure, and wealth — the three things people chase

धृत्या
dhṛ to hold, to keep firm

by firmness, by steady holding

धारयते
dhṛ to hold, to support

holds on to, keeps clutching

अर्जुन
arjuna Arjuna, the bright/spotless one

O Arjuna

प्रसङ्गेन
pra forth sañj to cling, to attach

with clinging attachment, hanging on tightly

फलाकाङ्क्षी
phala fruit, result ā toward kāṅkṣ to long for, to crave

craving the fruit, always wanting the reward

धृतिः
dhṛ to hold, to keep firm

dhṛti — firmness

सा
that, she

that one

पार्थ
pṛthā Pṛthā, Arjuna's mother Kuntī

O son of Pṛthā — a name for Arjuna

राजसी
rajas restlessness, passion, dust

rājasic — restless and grasping

describes the second kind of firmness. "But the dhṛti with which a person clings tightly to duty, pleasure, and wealth — always craving their rewards, always hanging on — that firmness, O , is rājasic." It really is a kind of holding-on; it can be strong and stubborn. But it grips for the sake of the prize. It keeps going only as long as it expects to get something back.

कथा

The Charioteer Who Held the Reins Too Tight

From the mythological

Before he became 's teacher, the master archer once trained a young charioteer named Sudeva, who had the strongest hands in the kingdom. Sudeva could hold a team of four wild horses through a storm. Nobody doubted his firmness.

But there was a thing about Sudeva. He never raced for the joy of it, nor served for the love of his king. He held the reins so fiercely only because of what each victory brought him — the prize purse, the praise of the crowd, the gleaming gold cup raised over his head.

One day set two races. In the first, a great festival, gold and glory waited at the finish. Sudeva drove like a thunderbolt, gripping the reins until his knuckles whitened, and he won. The crowd roared his name. He stood taller than the temple.

In the second race there was no prize — only an old, sick villager who needed to be carried swiftly to a healer in the next town. asked Sudeva to drive.

Sudeva's grip went slack. "There is nothing in it for me," he muttered. "No cup. No crowd." Halfway there he slowed, then stopped to rest his horses, then wandered off the road entirely, and the villager nearly did not make it.

watched, and his face was grave. He called Sudeva to him afterward.

"Your hands are mighty," the teacher said. "But your firmness has a string tied to it, and the other end of that string is held by a prize. Pull the prize away, and your grip falls open. That is a restless firmness, my boy. It looks like strength, but it is really hunger wearing strength's armour."

"Is wanting to win so wrong?" Sudeva asked.

"Wanting is not the whole of it," said . "The question is whether you can hold steady when there is nothing to win — when the only reward is that the right thing was done. A true firmness keeps its grip in both races. Learn to drive the second race as hard as the first, and then your hands will be worth their strength."

चिन्तनम्

Do you work just as hard at things when there is no prize or praise at the end? What is something worth doing well even when nobody is watching and nothing is given back?