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Chapter 4 · Verse 28
🪈 Krishna speaks
Illustration for Chapter 4, Verse 28

द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे। स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः॥

dravyayajñāstapoyajñā yogayajñāstathāpare | svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ ||

Word by Word 9 words
द्रव्ययज्ञाः
dru to flow, to be fluid — root of dravya, substance/wealth yaj to offer, to sacrifice

those whose sacrifice is the giving of wealth and goods

तपोयज्ञाः
tap to heat, to burn, to practice austerity yaj to offer, to sacrifice

those whose sacrifice is austerity — hard, simple self-discipline

योगयज्ञाः
yuj to join, to yoke, to unite yaj to offer, to sacrifice

those whose sacrifice is the practice of yoga (steady inner union)

तथा
tathā likewise, in the same way

and likewise

अपरे
apara other, some others

still others

स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाः
sva one's own adhi over, upon i to go — root of adhyāya, study jñā to know — root of jñāna, knowledge yaj to offer, to sacrifice

those whose sacrifice is the study of sacred wisdom and the pursuit of knowledge

ca and

and

यतयः
yat to strive, to make effort

strivers, those who try hard on the path

संशितव्रताः
sam fully, completely śo to sharpen, to make keen vrata vow, sacred resolve

those whose vows are kept sharp and firm

lists yet more kinds of offering, because there are so many honest ways to give. Some people offer their wealth and goods to help others. Some offer the comfort of an easy life and choose simple, hard discipline instead. Some offer through steady practice. And some offer through study and the patient gathering of wisdom. All of these are strivers who hold their promises sharp and firm, never letting them go dull.

कथा

Four Travellers on One Road

An original story

"I have named offering after offering," said as the first grey light touched the eastern sky, "and you may wonder how to remember them all. So let me show you four travellers I once met on a single road, each carrying a different gift."

sat up. The camp was beginning to wake.

"The first traveller was a merchant," said, "with a cart heavy with grain and cloth. But he did not hoard it. At every village he gave — to the hungry, to the old, to the family whose roof had fallen in. His sacrifice was his wealth. He offered his goods, and his cart grew lighter, and his heart grew lighter with it."

"The second?" asked.

"A thin, sun-browned woman who owned almost nothing. She had chosen a hard, plain life on purpose — little food, little comfort, sleeping on the bare ground. Not to punish herself, but to grow strong and simple inside. Her sacrifice was austerity. She offered up ease, and gained a quiet she would not trade for any soft bed."

A bird began to sing somewhere in the brightening dark.

"The third traveller sat unmoving beneath a tree, eyes half-closed, breath slow, gathering his whole scattered self into one steady stillness. His sacrifice was the practice of — the long, patient work of holding the mind in union. He gave his restlessness and received his calm."

"And the last?"

"A young scholar," smiled, "with a worn bundle of texts and ink stains on his fingers. Day after day he studied the old wisdom, turning each teaching over until it became truly his own. His sacrifice was study and knowledge. He offered his idle hours to learning, and grew wiser with every page."

looked at .

"Four travellers, four gifts — wealth, hardship, stillness, study. They walked different parts of the road, but all of them were strivers, and all of them kept their vows sharp and bright, never letting their promises grow dull. That is what they shared, and that is what matters."

The sun lifted over the rim of the world, and the whole plain turned to gold.

चिन्तनम्

Some people help by giving things, some by working hard, some by being calm, some by learning. Which of these four ways feels most like you — and which would you like to grow better at?