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Chapter 4 · Verse 17
🪈 Krishna speaks
Illustration for Chapter 4, Verse 17

कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः। अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः॥

karmaṇo hyapi boddhavyaṁ boddhavyaṁ ca vikarmaṇaḥ | akarmaṇaśca boddhavyaṁ gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ ||

Word by Word 9 words
कर्मणः
kṛ to do, to act

of action, about right action

हि
hi indeed, for

indeed

अपि
api also, even

also

बोद्धव्यम्
budh to know, to understand tavya ought to be — must-do ending

must be understood, ought to be known

ca and

and

विकर्मणः
vi wrong, apart kṛ to do, to act

of wrong action, of forbidden doing

अकर्मणः
a not, non- kṛ to do, to act

of inaction, of not-doing

गहना
gahana deep, dense, hard to fathom

deep, mysterious, hard to fathom

गतिः
gam to go, to move

the way, the course, the path

says there are really three things you must understand: what good action is, what wrong action is, and what inaction (not-doing) is. None of them is as simple as it looks. The truth about action runs deep and mysterious — like a forest so thick you cannot see all the way through it.

कथा

The Three Paths in the Forest

An original story

"Let me show you why this is hard," said. "Imagine standing at the edge of a great forest, where three paths begin, side by side."

closed his eyes and let the picture form. He could almost smell the damp leaves.

"The first path," said, "is *right action*. It is good work, work that should be done — feeding the hungry, protecting the helpless, standing your ground when standing is your duty. You must learn to know this path, to recognize it even when it is overgrown and hard to find."

"The second path," he continued, "is *wrong action*. It is work that should *not* be done — cruelty, greed, harming the innocent, taking what is not yours. This path can look pleasant at its mouth, sweet and easy, but it leads into a swamp. You must learn to know it too, so that you never wander down it by mistake."

The mist curled at their feet like pale roots.

"And the third path," said, and his voice dropped, "is the strangest of all. It is *inaction* — not-doing. The choice to hold still. And here is the trick, : sometimes holding still is the wisest thing in the world, and sometimes holding still is a hiding place for a coward. You must learn to tell them apart."

opened his eyes. "Three paths," he murmured. "And each one deeper and more tangled than it looks."

"Yes," said . "The course of action is *gahana* — deep, dense, mysterious, like a forest where the trees grow so close that even the sun loses its way among the branches. People who think it is simple are usually the ones who get lost."

He gathered the reins a little tighter.

"So do not be ashamed that this puzzles you. The wisest pilgrims walk slowly here, watching their feet, learning each path before they choose. To know good doing, wrong doing, and still not-doing — that is the beginning of real freedom. The forest is deep. We will walk it carefully, you and I."

चिन्तनम्

Sometimes doing nothing is the kind, wise choice, and sometimes it just means hiding. How do you tell the difference for yourself?